Analysis of a Company's Use of Debt

 Analysis of a Company's Use of Debt

1. Debt to Total Capital 
This measures the proportion of debt used given the total capital structure of the company. A large debt-to-capital ratio indicates that equity holders are making extensive use of debt, making the overall business riskier.

Formula 7.32

Debt to capital = total debt 
                           total capital
Where:
Total debt = current + long-term debt
Total capital = total debt + stockholders' equity
2. Debt to Equity
This ratio is similar to debt to capital.

Formula 7.33

Debt to equity = total debt
                         total equity
II. Analysis of the Interest Coverage Ratio

3. Times Interest Earned (Interest Coverage ratio)
This ratio indicates the degree of protection available to creditors by measuring the extent to which earnings available for interest covers required interest payments.

Formula 7.34

Times interest earned = earnings before interest and tax
                                                interest expense
4. Fixed-Charge Coverage
fixed charges are defined as contractual committed periodic interest and principal payments on leases and debt.

Formula 7.35

Fixed-charge coverage = earnings before fixed charges and taxes
                                                           fixed charges
5. Times Interest Earned - Cash Basis
adjusted operating cash flow is defined as cash flow from operations + fixed charges + tax payments.

Formula 7.36

Times interest earned - cash basis = adjusted operating cash flow
                                                                 interest expense


6. Fixed-Charge Coverage Ratio - Cash Basis

Formula 7.37

Fixed charge coverage ratio - cash basis = adjusted operating cash flow
                                                                               fixed charges
7. Capital Expenditure Ratio
Provides information on how much of the cash generated from operations will be left after payment of capital expenditure to service the company's debt. If the ratio is 2, it indicates that the company generates two times what it will need to reinvest in the business to keep operations going; the excess could be allocated to service the debt.

Formula 7.38

Capital expenditure ratio = cash flow from operations
                                                  capital expenditures
8. CFO to Debt 
Provides information on how much cash the company generates from operations that could be used to pay off the total debt. Total debt includes all interest-bearing debt, short and long term.

Formula 7.39


CFO to debt = cash flow from operations
                                  total debt

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